Aspectos comuns aos conceitos de bens públicos, externalidades e bens meritórios
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55532/1806-8944.2020.89Palavras-chave:
bem público, rivalidade, exclusão, externalidades, bens meritóriosResumo
Numa determinada situação, qualquer bem tem as características de rivalidade, exclusão, espaço e tempo. Essas duas últimas são variáveis físicas de posição no espaço e tempo. A rivalidade pode ser vista como uma qualidade física intrínseca de qualquer bem, aparecendo como rival ou não rival. A exclusão reflete o tratamento institucional da alocação de um bem e aparece como uma variável contínua que mede custos em termos de recursos produtivos para o cumprimento de normas de propriedade. Com essas duas características, a maioria dos bens pode ser classificada, em uma economia de mercado, de bens privados puros a bens públicos puros, com um número infinito de casos intermediários. A posição no espaço está associada aos bens públicos locais. As externalidades podem ser consideradas como uma produção conjunta de bem rival e não rival. Finalmente, bens meritórios ou demeritórios podem ser vistos como uma forma de externalidade.
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